Last Update: March 10, 2009
MICS-Asia
A model intercomparison study in Asia


IIASA International Institute for Applied System Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
ADORC Acid Deposition and Oxidant Research Center, Niigata, Japan
IAP Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
CGRER Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, U.S.A.
CRIEPI Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
DPRI Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan


CONTENTS
      Prospectus |  Specifics of Phase II |  Data Protocol
Progress and timetable |  Current Participants |  Contact Persons




Prospectus

   In order to have a common understanding of model performance and uncertainties in Asia, a model intercomparison study on long-range transport and deposition of sulfur, called MICS-Asia Phase I, was carried out during the period from 1998 to 2000. Eight models participated in the Phase-I study. The outcome of the model intercomparison exercise was discussed at the Third Workshop on the Transport of Air Pollutants in Asia, held at IIASA in September 2000. The findings of the Phase I activity were published in the following references:
  • Y. Ichikawa, M. Amann, G. R. Carmichael: Conference report, Atmos. Environ., 35, pp4527-4529 (2001).
  • G. R. Carmichael, H. Hayami, G. Calori, I. Uno, S. Y. Cho, M. Engardt, S. B. Kim, Y. Ichikawa, Y. Ikeda, H. Ueda, M. Amann: Model Intercomparison Study of Long Range Transport and Sulfur Deposition in East Asia (MICS-Asia), Water, Air, Soil Poll., 130, pp51-62 (2001).
  • G. R. Carmichael, G. Calori, H. Hayami, I. Uno, S. Y. Cho, M. Engardt, S. B. Kim, Y. Ichikawa, Y. Ikeda, J. H. Woo, H. Ueda, M. Amann: The MICS-Asia Study: model intercomparison of long-range transport and sulfur deposition in East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 36, pp175-199 (2002).
   As it was concluded at the Fourth Workshop on the Transport of Air Pollutants in Asia held at IIASA in October 2001, further model intercomparison study (MICS-Asia Phase II) would be useful to improve the understanding of the long-range transport of air pollutants in Asia. While the Phase I focused exclusively on sulfur compounds, it was recognized that a wider perspective could yield important insights including nitrogen compounds, ozone and aerosols to be critical for effective control of various environmental problems.
   Taking into account the conclusions of the Forth Workshop, plans of MICS-Asia Phase II were discussed at the Fifth Workshop on Transport of Air Pollutants in Asia held at IIASA in January 2003. Based on the discussions, the outline of Phase II was developed.
   According to the outline of Phase II, participants prepared necessary common data and then carried out preliminary model simulations after the Fifth Workshop. At the Sixth Workshop held at IIASA in February 2004, the specifics of Phase II was discussed, taking into account the preliminary results reported by the participants. The updated specifics are shown as follows:



Specifics of Phase II


   The model intercomparison study in Phase II aims at transport and deposition of sulfur, nitrogen compounds, ozone and aerosols in East Asia.

Domain

   Study domain is confined to East Asia. A reference domain is defined as follows (in degrees of geographical coordinates):
  • Latitude: 15 South to 60 North,
  • Longitude: 75 East to 160 East.
Periods

   Four periods are selected as follows:
      Period 1: March 1 to 31 in 2001,
      Period 2: July 1 to 31 in 2001,
      Period 3: December 1 to 31 in 2001,
      Period 4: March 1 to 31 in 2002.
  • Period 1 focuses on some specific episodes of yellow sand transport in the atmosphere and high ozone events actually appeared in Northeast Asia in March 2001.
  • Period 2 focuses on simulations in warm and high precipitation conditions. In the Period, a specific episode of a high SO2 concentration over 100 ppb was appeared in the center of Japan.
  • Period 3 focuses on simulations in cold and low precipitation conditions.
  • Period 4 focuses on inter-annual comparison with simulated results for the same month of two deferent years.

Emission data (updated)
Use of same emission fields for all models

   It is highly recommended for the model intercomparison that all modeling teams use the same standard emissions. If this turns out to be impossible for a model, the model should still participate with its own emissions, but clearly state this.
   The following standard emissions can be provided by the contact persons of ADORC upon request.
  • Anthropogenic (area sources and SO2 point sources)
    A default stack heights of 300 meters is recommended for SO2 point sources.
  • Biomass burning
  • Biogenic
  • Volcano (SO2)
    Miyake-jima volcano: monthly data
    Other volcano: annual data

Emission inventory comparison study

   Emission inventory comparison study is encouraged in Phase II. The emission inventory experts who want to join this study are requested to make a comparison of their own inventories with the ones suggested above.

Meteorological field

   Participants can choose whether to use their own meteorological fields or to use reference meteorological fields prepared by Prof. Z. Wang, IAP using MM5. But the participants who wish to use their own meteorological fields are requested to compare them with the reference meteorological fields.
   The reference meteorological fields offered by Prof. Z. Wang, IAP are distributed upon request by the contact persons of ADORC.

Boundary conditions (updated)

   Boundary conditions prepared by Dr. T. Holloway, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, using a global model (MOZART-2) can be downloaded from the following website.
http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/~tah/MICS.html

   Participants who set a smaller domain than the reference one could consult with Dr. T. Holloway (taholloway@wisc.edu) about specific boundary conditions.

Monitoring data

   EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia) monitoring data and their relevant information are provided by ADORC with the agreement of the "Procedures on Data and Information Disclosure for EANET", which was adopted at the Third Session of the Intergovernmental Meeting of EANET in 2001.
   LTP project (Joint Research on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants) provides its monitoring data including aircraft observations for the Phase II study.

[ Notice ]
   For the time being, participants who use the data mentioned above such as emission, meteorological field, boundary condition and monitoring are requested to use the data only for the study of MICS-Asia Phase II.



Data Protocol

It is requested that participants submit model results according to the Data Protocol. It can be downloaded from the following.

http://www.adorc.gr.jp/adorc/mics/Data_Protocol.pdf
http://www.adorc.gr.jp/adorc/mics/Data_Protocol_additional.doc



Progress of Phase II

[Working Group Meeting in Kyoto (November 2004)]
      The 1st meeting of the Working Group on MICS-Asia Phase II was held on 18-20 November 2004 at Kyoto University, Japan. Results of preliminary analysis for the model intercomparison among 7 model results were discussed. General comments and conclusions were done as follows:

Participating models
      Eight model results submitted will be analyzed by WG for the first publications. Other model results will be invited for the further comparisons after the first publications.

Analyses
      There are large discrepancies among current model results. ADORC should contact the modelers to confirm some errors on unit conversion, accumulation period of deposition etc. ADORC also should contact the participants to clarify exact input data and detailed mechanism.Preliminary analysis should be done using same scale and domain. Comparison with monitoring data should be done by each site classification (remote, rural, urban). Under estimation of Russian sites and Rishiri (Hokkaido) are possibly caused by uncertainty of emissions in Russia. The forest fire of Siberia in March 2002 should be taken into account for the analysis of Case 4.

Working Group topics
      Topics analyzed by Working Group members were clarified as follows. The meeting discussed each topic in detail.
    - Over View: G. Carmichael (Iowa Univ.)
- Ozone and its relevant gases: Z. Han (ADORC)
- Aerosols: H. Hayami (CRIEPI)
- Depositions: Z. Wang (IAP, Chinese Academy)
- Relationship with global model: T. Holloway (the Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison)

[7th Mics-Asia Workshop (February 2005)]
      Detailed analysis was made and the progresses of each topic were presented by Working Group. In addition, latest activities of modeling and emission inventory related to MICS-Asia were presented by participants in the workshop.
   Publication strategy was discussed and determined. An overview paper and some papers on topics such as ozone, aerosols, deposition and relationship with global model will be prepared and finally submitted to the journal Atmospheric Environment.

[8th Mics-Asia Workshop (January 2006)]
      After the 7th Workshop, Working Group members had been preparing their scientific papers regarding for each topics, and the preliminary drafts of some topics had been circulated by e-mail. In the 8th Workshop, Working Group Members gave presentations about their progress, and fruitful discussions were made with useful comments and suggestions from other MICS participants in order to develop the contents of the papers.
   In addition to 5 papers mentioned above, it was decided at the Workshop that further scientific papers would be prepared by cooperation of MICS participants. New topics of analysis and the persons in charge were as follows:

    - Emission Intercomparison: A. Kannari (Freelance)
- Sensitivity to aerosol modules: K. Saltelet (CEREA)
- CMAQ comparison: J. Fu (Univ. of Tennessee)


   The possibility of the next activity and its procedure will be discussed among participants after the submission of the papers.

[9th Mics-Asia Workshop (February 2007)]
      The main objectives of the 9th workshop were to establish progress in submission of papers on the second phase of MICS, to present ongoing activities of participants that are of relevance for further steps of MICS, to discuss activities that should be undertaken in the next phase of MICS-Asia, and to plan the project preparation of phase 2.
   There was general understanding that the next phase should include multi-scale simulations, with sensitivity analyses for urban and regional scale emissions changes, source-receptor relationships for the regional scale and some activities that provide meaningful insights for the hemispheric transport of pollution. In particular, the model intercomparison exercise should further investigate reasons why models respond differently, review improvements of models and their impacts on results, and prepare reference results for general use by other modelling teams as well as the public.
   It was suggested that the next phase of MICS should extend over a longer time frame, in order to enable a more efficient long-term planning of the activities of the modelling. In the meantime, it was agreed to implement the interpolation of studies in Phase 2 and further investigation for the improvement of model performance as Phase 2-x.

[10th Mics-Asia Workshop (February 2008)]
      In line with the conclusion in 9th MICS-Asia Workshop, each participant has been proceeding to the complementary study for Phase 2 activities. The main purpose of 10th workshop was to discuss the concrete contents to be conducted in Phase 3 in accordance with the interest and progress of each participant. All participants gave presentations concerning their modeling works and interesting topics to be conducted in MICS as Phase III project. According to the discussion, it was decided that the following topics would be conducted as Phase III activities;

    (1) Connection to HTAP
    (2) Boundary conditions of Asian region using HTAP experiment
    (3) Source-Receptor relationship analysis in Asia (Urban-Regional)
    (4) Ensemble predictions and common framework for intercomparisons
    (5) Studies related to climate
    (6) Studies related to emission scenarios


   Leaders were elected for each topic and every leader is requested to prepare and submit "Terms of Reference" to ADORC. The minutes prepared by IIASA can be seen here






Current participants

[ Modeling ]
  1. Prof. G. Carmichael and Dr. N. Thongboonchoo, the University of Iowa, USA
  2. Dr. M. Engardt and Dr. C. Bennet, SMHI, Sweden
  3. Prof. J. Fu, the University of Tennessee, USA
  4. Dr. C. Fung, Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, China
  5. Dr. A. Gusev, EMEP/MSC-E, Russia
  6. Dr. H. Hayami, CRIEPI, Japan
  7. Dr. Z. Han and Dr. T. Sakurai, ADORC, Japan
  8. Dr. T. Holloway and Dr. M. Lin, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
  9. Dr. M. Kajino, Tokyo University, Japan
  10. Prof. T. Kitada, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
  11. Dr. Il-Soo Park, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea
  12. Prof. Soon-Ung Park, Seoul National University, Korea
  13. Dr. K. Sartelet, CEREA, France
  14. Dr. V. Surapipith, Pollution Control Depertment, Thailand
  15. Prof. Z. Wang, IAP, China
  16. Dr. J. Xu, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, China
  17. Prof. Y. Zhang, Peking University, China
[ Emission inventory ]
  1. Dr. A. Kannari, The Institute of Behavior Sciences, Japan
  2. Dr. Il-Soo Park, National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea
  3. Dr. D. Streets, Argonne National Labatory, USA


[ Contact persons ]
Keiichi SATO, Dr., Researcher eanetdata@adorc.gr.jp
     Data Management Department,
     Acid Deposition and Oxidant Research Center (ADORC)
     1182 Sowa Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2144 Japan
     Phone: +81-25-263-0562
     Fax: +81-25-263-0567

[ Links ]